Full official physics syllabus 2026 — all exams

General Studies and Physics Paper-1 & Paper-II as per the official UPPSC notification.

GENERAL STUDIES

(for the post of Lecturer/Workshop Superintendent) 1. History of India: Emphasis should be on general understanding of political, economic and social aspects of Indian History.

2. Geography of India: Candidates will be expected to have knowledge of the Physical and Human aspects of the Geography of India in general terms.

3. Indian Polity and Constitution: Candidates are expected to have a basic knowledge and preliminary understanding about Indian Political system as well as Indian Constitution.

4. Current events of National and International significance.

Physics Paper-1 Syllabus

1. Mathematical Physics

Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus, concept of Tensor, Linear ordinary differential equations of first & second order, special functions (Legendre, Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre functions). Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms. Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions).

Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

2. Classical Mechanics and Properties of Matters

Newton's laws of motion, Dynamics of System of particle and rigid body, Center of mass and Center of Gravity, conservation laws of Energy, momentum and angular momentum, central force and its characteristics, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Reduction of Two body Central Force Problems, Planet and Satellite, Orbital and escape velocity, communication satellite. Virtual and Actual Displacement, D'Alembert's Principle, Generalized co-ordinates, Lagrangian equations, Hamiltonian functions and equations, cyclic co-ordinates, Poisson Brackets and canonical transformations, Hamilton-Jacobi Theory, Inertial and non-inertial frame of references, Events, Galilean transformations, Galilean invariance and variance, special theory of Relativity, Lorentz transformations, Relativity of simultaneity and colocality, Length contraction, Time Dilation, Velocity addition theorem, Non-relativistic and relativistic particles, Relativistic Dynamics, Mass-energy equivalence, Doppler effect in light.

Elastic behavior of loaded wire, Elastic constants, Torsion of Cylinder, Bending of beam, Cantilever, surface tension, surface energy, angle of contact, capillarity, Excess pressure, Ideal fluid, hydro dynamical equations based on conservation of mass, Momentum and energy, Viscous force (Newton's law, Poiseuille law, Stokes law).

3. Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Four Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences Carnot cycle, Heat engine, Refrigerator. Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell's relations, Joule's effect and Joule's Thomson effect, Transport Phenomenon of gases, Kinetic theory of matters, conduction, convection, Black Body Radiation Kirchhoff's laws, Planck's distribution law and deduction of Stefan's law, Wien's law and Rayleigh-Jeans law, Phase space (p and q), Macrostate and microstate, Micro-canonical, Gibb's-canonical, Grand-canonical ensembles and Partition functions, Classical and Quantum statistical mechanics, Maxwell speed distribution Ideal Bose and Fermi gases, Bose Einstein condensation, Thermodynamic and statistical Entropy and theorems, Gibb's paradox and its resolution. First and second order phase transition.

4. Optics and Acoustics

Cardinal points, Huygens and Ramsden eyepiece Defect of visions, Human eye and camera, Telescope and microscope, Theories of light, concept and condition of interference, Young's double slits, Biprism, Colour in thin films, Newton's ring, Michelson interferometer, Fabry-Perot inter-ferometer, Fresnel and Fraunhofer's Diffraction, Zone Plate, Single slit and multiple slits diffraction, plane Grating, Resolving Power of Grating and optical instruments, Limit and criteria of resolution.

Unpolarised and polarised light, Plane of vibration and plane polarization, Polarization by Reflection, Refraction, Double refraction, Dichroism, Law of Malus, Nicol Prism, Retardation Plates (Half and Quarter), Babinet compensator, Optical rotation, Polarimeters, Coherence (Temporal and Spatial), Induced emission, Spontaneous emission, Induced absorption, Einstein's A & B co-efficients, components of Laser, Types of pumping, Ruby lasers, He-Ne lasers, Semi-conductor lasers, Holography and Photography, Medical application of lasers, Undamped, Damped, Forced and Resonance Vibrations, Lissajous figures, Velocity of Sound, Plane progressive and stationary waves, Vibration of Stretched strings and organ Pipes, Reflectivity and Transmittivity at boundary, Phase velocity and Group velocity.

Physics Paper-II Syllabus

5. Electromagnetism

Electric Flux, Gauss law in electrostatics and its applications, Electric Field and Potential Due to Dielectric sphere and Electric Dipole, Laplace and Poisson equations, Gauss law in magnetostatics, Behavior of dipole in uniform and non-uniform fields, (magnetic chemical and Heating), effect of currents, Biot-Savart law and its applications, Ampere's circuital law and its applications, Lorentz force, cyclotron (limit and modification), Galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter, Magnetic Flux, Laws of electro-magnetic induction, static and dynamic Induced emf, Self and Mutual induction and inductance, Laws of Electrostatics, Laws of magnetostatics, laws of electromagnetism, equation of continuity and modification of Ampere's circuital law, Conduction and displacement current, Maxwell's equations in free space and Dielectrics, Electromagnetic waves, Poynting vector, Dispersion relation in Plasma, Transmission line and Waveguide.

6. Quantum Mechanics

Wave particle duality, Matter waves, Uncertainty Principle, Photoelectric and Compton effect, Davisson - Germer experiment Wavepacket, Schrodinger equation (Time dependent and Time independent), Physical Significance of wave function, Normalisation, Orthogonality, Orthonormality, Eigen value equation, Eigen value, Eigen function, Expectation value, Ehrenfest Theorem, Dirac function and Kronecker delta, Particle in a box, Potential step, Potential barrier, Harmonic oscillator, Rigid Rotator, Hydrogen Atom, Spherical harmonics, Commutation and Non commutation Relations, Pauli spin matrices, Operators, Exchange degeneracy.

7. Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear and Particle Physics Bohr's and Sommerfeld Atomic Models, Hydrogen like atoms, effect of nuclear motion, Optical spectra and X-Ray spectra, Duan-Hunts law, Moseley law, Vector atom model, Sodium D1 and D2 lines, Bohr magneton, Larmor frequency, Stern-Gerlach experiment, Selection rules, Spectral terms, L-S coupling, J-J coupling, Lande-g factor, Zeeman effect (Normal and anomalous), Paschenback effect, Stark effect, Electronic, Rotational, Vibrational molecular Spectra, Raman effect, phosphorescence effect.

Laws of Radio activity, Earth and Carbon dating, Mass defect, Packing fraction, Binding energy, Binding energy curve, Nuclear fission and fusion, Nuclear Reactor, Nuclear reaction, Q- values, Chain reaction (Controlled and un-controlled), Thermo nuclear reactions, Hydrogen bomb, Semi-empirical mass formula, Liquid drop model, Shell model, Collective model, Nuclear forces, Fundamental particles, four fundamental interactions, classification of elementary particles on the basis of Spin, Mass and Interaction, Quantum numbers (Charge, Spin, Parity, Isospin, Strangeness) Of Elementary particles, Quark model, Baryons, Leptons, Mesons, Conservation laws.

8. Electronics and Condensed Matters

Intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors, P-N Junction & Zener Diode and their characteristic, Rectifier and filters, Bipolar and Unipolar transistors, Input and Output characteristics curve, Hybrid Parameters, Gains (Resistances, Current, Voltage, Power), Voltage and Power Amplifiers, Feedback Amplifiers, Operational Amplifiers and its application, Oscillators, Modulators, Detectors, Supersonics, Ultrasonic (Production, Detection and Applications), Multimeters, CRO, Opto electronic devices (LED, Photo detectors, Photo transistors, Solar cells).

Analog and Digital signals, Logic Gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR) and their switching circuit, Logic symbols, Truth Tables, Venn diagram, Boolean functions, K-Map, Adder and Subtractor, Boolean Theorems, A/D, D/A, Resistors, Counters, Comparators, Flip-flops, Micro processors, Bravais Lattices, Reciprocal Lattices, Electron Diffraction, Bonding of Solids, liquid Crystals, Free Electron and Band theory of Solids, Electron motion in Periodic Potential, Effective mass of free electrons and holes, Specific heat of Solid (Classical and Quantum theories), Hall effect and Thermo electric Power, Super conductivity (Type-I and Type-II), Super conductors, Josephson Junction, BCS theory, Cooper pairs, Super fluidity. Dia, Para, Ferro, Antiferro, Ferri magnetism.

First Paper - General Studies (Madhya Pradesh).

UNIT:01 - History of Madhya Pradesh

• Ancient History of Madhya Pradesh - Prehistoric Period, Protohistoric Period and Historic Period.

• Medieval History of Madhya Pradesh

• Modern History of Madhya Pradesh

• Freedom Movement in Madhya Pradesh

• Tribal History and Tribal Literature of Madhya Pradesh

UNIT-02 - Geography of Madhya Pradesh

• Geographical location and extent of the state, major Rivers, mountains.

• Climate: Seasons, Soils, Temperature, Rainfall, Forest types and Forest produce.

• Agriculture: Major crops, Sources of irrigation, Irrigation projects.

• Thermal power projects, Non-conventional energy sources, Major Minerals.

• Population size, Growth and Literacy, Transportation, Food processing industries.

UNIT-03 - Politics and Economy of Madhya Pradesh

Politics of Madhya Pradesh Governor, Chief Minister, Cabinet, Vidhan Sabha, High Court, Lokayukta, State Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Divisional Commissioner, Police Commissioner.

District Administration, Urban Administration, Local Self Government, Panchayati Raj Institutions.

State Election Commission, State Information Commission, State Scheduled Castes Commission, State Scheduled Tribes Commission, State Backward Classes Commission, State Commission for Women.

Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribe Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989; Panchayats Extension to Schedule Areas (PESA) Act, 1996; Environment Protection Act, 1986; Madhya Pradesh Govansh Vadh Pratishedh Adhiniyam, 2004.

Economy of Madhya Pradesh Overview of the Economy of Madhya Pradesh.

Status of Agriculture and Rural Development in Madhya Pradesh.

Development of Industrial and Infrastructural Framework in Madhya Pradesh.

Status of Education, Health, and Skill Development in Madhya Pradesh.

Status of Madhya Pradesh in Sustainable Development Goals, Ease of Doing Business and Multidimensional Poverty Index.

UNIT-04 - Tribes of Madhya Pradesh: Heritage, Folk Culture and Folk Literature (with special reference to MP) The geographical spread of tribes in Madhya Pradesh, constitutional provisions related to tribes.

Major tribes of Madhya Pradesh and Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGS). Tribal welfare programs.

Tribal culture of Madhya Pradesh: Traditions, special arts, festivals, celebrations, language, dialects and literature.

Madhya Pradesh tribal's contribution to the freedom struggle of India and iconic tribal personalities of state. Popular institutes related to tribes of Madhya Pradesh, tribal museums, publications etc.

Folk culture and folk literature of Madhya Pradesh.

UNIT-5: - Important Contemporary Events of International, National and Madhya Pradesh and Information and Communication Technology

• Important International and National Contemporary events.

• Important Contemporary events and Major Public Welfare Schemes of Madhya Pradesh.

• Prominent personalities and Important Places of Madhya Pradesh.

• Computers, Information & Communication Technology, E-Governance.

• Basic knowledge of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Cloud Computing, Data Science and Internet of

Things.

Second Paper - Physics.

Unit 1: Mathematical methods of Physics

• Dimensional analysis, Vector algebra and vector calculus, Linear algebra.

• Linear differential equations, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre).

• Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms, Elements of complex analysis, Laurent series, poles, residues and

evaluation of integrals.

• Elementary ideas about tensors, Introductory group theory, SU(2), O(3).

• Elements of computational techniques, roots of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and

Simpson's rule, solution of first order differential equations using Runge-Kutta method, Finite difference methods.

• Elementary knowledge of probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.

Unit 2: Classical Mechanics

• Newton's laws. Phase space dynamics; stability analysis.

• Central-force motion, Two-body collisions, scattering in laboratory and center-of-mass frames.

• Rigid body dynamics, moment of inertia tensor; non-inertial frames and pseudo-forces.

• Variational principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms and equations of motion; Poisson brackets and

canonical transformations, Symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic coordinates; Periodic motion, small oscillations and normal modes.

• Special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence.

Unit 3: Electromagnetic Theory

• Electrostatics: Gauss’ Law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems.

• Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem, electromagnetic induction.

• Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media, boundary conditions on fields at interfaces, Scalar

and vector potentials, Gauge invariance.

• Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics and conductors, Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel's

Law, interference, coherence and diffraction, Dispersion relations in plasma, Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equations.

• Transmission lines and wave-guides, Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields,

Radiation from moving charges, dipoles and retarded potentials.

Unit 4: Quantum Mechanics

• Wave-particle duality, Wave functions in coordinate and momentum representations, Commutators and

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Matrix representation, Dirac's bra and ket notation.

• Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent), Eigenvalue problems such as particle-in-a-box,

Harmonic oscillator, Tunneling through a barrier.

• Motion in a central potential, Orbital angular momentum, Angular momentum algebra, spin, Addition of angular

momenta, Hydrogen atom, spin-orbit coupling and fine structure.

• Time Independent perturbation theory and its applications, Variational method, WKB approximation.

• Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's Golden Rule, Selection rules, Semi-classical theory of radiation,

Elementary theory of scattering, phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation, Identical particles, Pauli's exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection, Relativistic quantum mechanics, Klein Gordon and Dirac equations.

Unit 5: Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

• Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences, Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, Chemical

potential, phase equilibria, Phase space, micro and macrostates.

• Microcanonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions.

• Free energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities, First and second order phase transitions.

• Classical and quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose gases, Blackbody radiation and Planck’s distribution law,

Bose-Einstein condensation.

• Random walk and Brownian motion, Introduction to non-equilibrium processes, Diffusion equation.

Unit 6: Electronics

• Semiconductor devices including diode, Junction transistors, Field-Effect devices, Homo and Hetero junction

devices.

• Device Structure, device characteristics, Frequency dependence and application.

• Optoelectronic devices including Solar cells, Optical detectors and Light Emitting Diode, High frequency devices

including: generators and detectors.

• Operational amplifier and its application, Digital technique and applications (Registers, Counters, Comparators and

equivalent circuits) Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converters, Micro-processor and Micro-controller.

Unit 7: Experimental techniques and data analysis

• Data representation and analysis, Analysis of exact and appropriate errors, Propagation of errors.

• Least square fitting, linear and non-linear curve fitting, Chi-square test.

• Transducers (Temperature, Pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, Vibrations, Optical and particle detectors)

measurement and control, Signal conditioning and recovery, impedance matching.

• Amplification (operational amplifier based, instrumentation amplifier, feedback), Filtering and Noise reduction,

shielding and grounding, Fourier transformation.

• Lock-in detector, Box-car integrator, modulation technique.

Unit 8: Atomic & Molecular Physics

• Quantum states of an electron in an atom, Electron spin, Stern-Gerlach experiment, Spectrum of Hydrogen, Helium

and alkali atoms.

• Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen, Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectral lines,

LS & JJ coupling.

• Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect, X-ray spectroscopy.

• Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift, Rotational, vibrational, electronic and

Raman spectra of diatomic molecules.

• Frank - Condon principle and selection rules, Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients,

Lasers, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation, Modes of resonators and coherence length.

Unit 9: Condensed Matter Physics

• Bravais lattices, Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor.

• Bonding of solids, Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat, free electron theory and electronic specific

heat, Response and relaxation phenomena.

• Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity, Hall Effect and thermoelectric power. Diamagnetism,

paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism.

• Electron motion in periodic potential, band theory of metals, insulators and semiconductors.

• Superconductivity: Type-I and type II superconductors, Josephson junctions, Defects and dislocations, Ordered

phases of matter, translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order, Conducting polymers, Quasicrystals.

Unit 10: Nuclear Physics and Contribution of Physicists

• Basic nuclear properties: size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity, Binding energy. Semi-empirical mass

formula, Liquid drop model, Fission and fusion.

• Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, Charge-independence and charge-symmetry of

nuclear forces, Isospin; Deuteron problem, Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model- its validity and limitations, Rotational spectra.

• Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules, nuclear reactions, reaction

mechanisms, compound nuclei and direct reactions.

• Classification of fundamental forces, Elementary particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons), Spin and parity

assignments, isospin, strangeness, Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula; C, P, and T invariance and applications of symmetry arguments to particle reactions, parity non-conservation in weak interaction; Relativistic kinematics.

• Contribution of Aryabhata, Varahmihir, Brahmagupta and Bhaskaracharya to Astrophysics in ancient times. Basic

information of ancient and modern observatories in India. Contribution of Indian Physicists J C Bose, C.V. Raman, S N Bose, Meghnad Saha, Homi Bhabha, Vikram Sarabhai, Raja Ramanna and J. V. Narlikar.

UGC NET Bureau General Paper on Teaching & Research Aptitude (Code 00).

UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

NET BUREAU

SYLLABUS

Subject: GENERAL PAPER ON TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE Code No. : 00

PAPER-I

The main objective is to assess the teaching and research capabilities of the candidates. The test aims at assessing the teaching and research aptitude as well.

Candidates are expected to possess and exhibit cognitive abilities, which include comprehension, analysis, evaluation, understanding the structure of arguments, deductive and inductive reasoning. The candidates are also expected to have a general awareness about teaching and learning processes in higher education system. Further, they should be aware of interaction between people, environment, natural resources and their impact on the quality of life.

The details of syllabi are as follows:

Unit-I Teaching Aptitude

Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.

Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.

Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner, Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.

Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centred vs.

Learner centred methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).

Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.

Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.

Unit-II Research Aptitude

Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Post- positivistic approach to research.

Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.

Steps of Research.

Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.

Application of ICT in research.

Research ethics.

Unit-III Comprehension

A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.

Unit-IV Communication

Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.

Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.

Barriers to effective communication.

Mass-Media and Society.

Unit-V Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude

Types of reasoning.

Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.

Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).

Unit-VI Logical Reasoning

Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.

Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.

Analogies.

Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of arguments.

Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.

Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).

Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

Unit-VII Data Interpretation

Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.

Quantitative and Qualitative Data.

Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart and Line-chart) and mapping of Data.

Data Interpretation.

Data and Governance.

Unit-VIII Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.

Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.

Digital initiatives in higher education.

ICT and Governance.

Unit-IX People, Development and Environment

Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable development goals.

Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on environment.

Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.

Impacts of pollutants on human health.

Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.

Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.

Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change, International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.

Unit-X Higher Education System

Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.

Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.

Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.

Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.

Value education and environmental education.

Policies, Governance, and Administration.

NOTE: (i) Five questions each carrying 2 marks are to be set from each Module.

(ii) Whenever graphical/pictorial question(s) are set for sighted candidates, a passage followed by equal number of questions and weightage be set for visually impaired candidates.

Physical Sciences syllabus (CSIR-UGC NET pattern).

CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) for Junior Research Fellowship and Lecturer-ship

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

PART A

CORE

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations of first & second order, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions). Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor & Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

II. Classical Mechanics Newton’s laws. Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Central force motions.

Two body Collisions - scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid body dynamics- moment of inertia tensor. Non-inertial frames and pseudoforces. Variational principle. Generalized coordinates. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion. Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes. Special theory of relativity- Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass–energy equivalence.

III. Electromagnetic Theory Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem. Electromagnetic induction. Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves in free space. Dielectrics and conductors.

Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law, interference, coherence, and diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields.

IV. Quantum Mechanics Wave-particle duality. Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent). Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc.). Tunneling through a barrier. Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential: orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment. Time- independent perturbation theory and applications. Variational method. Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules. Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences. Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase space, micro- and macro-states. Micro-canonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions. Free energy and its connection with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics. Ideal Bose and Fermi gases. Principle of detailed balance. Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo- and hetero-junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications. Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs). Operational amplifiers and their applications. Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits). A/D and D/A converters. Microprocessor and microcontroller basics.

Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least squares fitting,

PART B

ADVANCED

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics Green’s function. Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions). Elements of computational techniques: root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson’s rule, Solution of first order differential equation using Runge- Kutta method. Finite difference methods. Tensors. Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3).

II. Classical Mechanics Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Poisson brackets and canonical transformations. Symmetry, invariance and Noether’s theorem. Hamilton-Jacobi theory.

III. Electromagnetic Theory Dispersion relations in plasma. Lorentz invariance of Maxwell’s equation. Transmission lines and wave guides. Radiation- from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials.

IV. Quantum Mechanics Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure. WKB approximation. Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation. Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations.

Semi-classical theory of radiation.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics First- and second-order phase transitions. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Ising model. Bose-Einstein condensation. Diffusion equation. Random walk and Brownian motion.

Introduction to nonequilibrium processes.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test. Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors). Measurement and control. Signal conditioning and recovery. Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding. Fourier transforms, lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques.

High frequency devices (including generators and detectors).

VII. Atomic & Molecular Physics Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of helium and alkali atom. Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectrum lines, LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects. Electron spin resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle. Born-Oppenheimer approximation.

Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules. Lasers:

spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients. Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.

VIII. Condensed Matter Physics Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction and the structure factor. Bonding of solids. Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat. Response and relaxation phenomena. Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall effect and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: metals, insulators and semiconductors. Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors. Josephson junctions.

Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals.

IX. Nuclear and Particle Physics Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity. Binding energy, semi- empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces. Deuteron problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations. Rotational spectra. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion. Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions.

Classification of fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc.). Gellmann-Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C, P, and T invariance. Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in weak interaction. Relativistic kinematics.

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Scheme, structure and nature of questions for the aptitude paper.

—)— 5 Structure of Question Paper

SCHEME/STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF TEST:

All questions in the test will be multiple choice questions. Each carrying one mark, with four alternatives out of which one answer will be correct. There shali be no negative marking. Detailed scheme and structure for all three levels is as given here under:

There shall be only one Paper in this category. All questions will be Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) each carrying one mark with four alternatives out of which one answer will be correct.

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Structure and Content:

() English 30 {ii) Punjabi 30 (i) Teaching 30 (iv) General Knowledge/Current affairs 30 (v) Mental Aptitude 30

NATURE AND STANDARD OF QUESTIONS:

• The test items on General Intelligence and Reasoning Ability Shall be both verbal and non

verbal types. Test may include questions on analogies, similarities, differences, space visualization, problem solving, analysis, judgment, decision making, visual memory, discrimination, observation, relationship, concepts, arithmetical reasoning, verbal and figure besides testing the knowledge of Everyday Science, Scientific Research, Sports, Indian Culture, Indian History, Indian Geography, Economics, Indian Polity, Indian Constitution, etc,

• The test items for language 1| (Punjabi) will be designed to test the candidate's

understanding, correct usage and knowledge of Punjabi Language and will be based on error recognition, fill in the blanks (using Verbs, Prepositions, Articles, etc.), vocabulary, spellings, grammar, sentence structure, synonyms, antonyms, sentence completion, phrases and idioms, etc.

¢ The Language 1l (English) will be designed to test the candidate's understanding, correct usage and knowledge of English Language and will be based on error recognition, fill in the blanks (using Verbs, Prepositions, Articles, etc), vocabulary, spellings, grammar, sentence structure, synonyms, antonyms, sentence completion, phrases and idioms, etc.

Subject paper - Physics.

PHYSICS

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics Dimensional analysis; Vector algebra and vector calculus; Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalue problems; Linear differential equations; Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre);

Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms; Elements of complex analysis: Laurent series-poles, residues and evaluation of integrals; Elementary ideas about tensors; Introductory group theory, SU(2), O(3); Elements of computational techniques: roots of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson's rule, solution of first order differential equations using Runge-Kutta method; Finite difference methods; Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.

II. Classical Mechanics Newton's laws; Phase space dynamics, stability analysis; Central-force motion; Two-body collisions, scattering in laboratory and centre-of-mass frames; Rigid body dynamics, moment of inertia tensor, non-inertial frames and pseudoforces; Variational principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms and equations of motion; Poisson brackets and canonical transformations; Symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic coordinates; Periodic motion, wave motion, small oscillations and normal modes; Special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence, work power energy, gravitation, pressure, motion of fluids, viscosity, surface tension.

III. Electromagnetic Theory Electrostatics: Gauss' Law and its applications; Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems;

Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem, electromagnetic induction; Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on fields at interfaces; Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance; Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics, and conductors; Reflection and refraction, polarization, optical instrument, defects of eye. Fresnel's Law, interference, coherence, and diffraction; Dispersion relations in plasma; Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equations; Transmission lines and wave guides; Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields; Radiation from moving charges, dipoles and retarded potentials, current electricity-Kirchhoff's Law, Wheat Stone Bridge, Potentiometer & Slide Wire Bridge.

IV. Quantum Mechanics Wave-particle duality; Wave functions in coordinate and momentum representations; Commutators and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; Matrix representation; Dirac's bra and ket notation; Schroedinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent); Eigenvalue problems such as particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, etc.;

Tunneling through a barrier; Motion in a central potential; Orbital angular momentum, Angular momentum algebra, spin; Addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom, spin-orbit coupling, fine structure; Time-independent perturbation theory and applications; Variational method; WKB approximation; Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's Golden Rule; Selection rules; Semi-classical theory of radiation; Elementary theory of scattering, phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation; Identical particles, Pauli's exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection;

Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein Gordon and Dirac equations.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences; Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations; Chemical potential, phase equilibria; Phase space, micro- and macrostates; Microcanonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions; Free Energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities; First- and second-order phase transitions; Classical and quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose gases; Principle of detailed balance; Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; Random walk and Brownian motion; introduction to non-equilibrium processes; Diffusion equation.

VI. Electronics and Experimental methods Semiconductor device physics, including diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo and heterojunction devices, device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications; Optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, photodetectors, and LEDs; High-frequency devices, including generators and detectors;

Operational amplifiers and their applications; Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits); A/D and D/A converters; Microprocessor and microcontroller basics, Logic gates, communication system.

Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least squares fitting.

VII. Experimental Techniques and data analysis Data interpretation and analysis; Precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation of errors, least squares fitting, linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test; Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, vibration, optical, and particle detectors), measurement and control; Signal conditioning and recovery, impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding; Fourier transforms; lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques.

Applications of the above experimental and analytical techniques to typical undergraduate and graduate level laboratory experiments.

VIII. Atomic & Molecular Physics Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment; Spectrum of Hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS & JJ coupling; Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect, Photoelectric effect, X-ray spectroscopy;

Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift; Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules; Frank - Condon principle and selection rules; Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients; Lasers, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation; Modes of resonators and coherence length.

IX. Condensed Matter Physics Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding of solids; Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat; Free electron theory and electronic specific heat; Response & relaxation phenomena;

Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity; Hall effect and thermoelectric power; Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism; Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of metals, insulators and semiconductors; Superconductivity, type - I and type - II superconductors, Josephson junctions; Defects and dislocations; Ordered phases of matter, translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order;

Conducting polymers; Quasicrystals.

X. Nuclear and Particle Physics Basic nuclear properties: size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity; Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula; Liquid drop model; Fission and fusion; Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential;

Charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces; Isospin; Deuteron problem; Evidence of shell structure, single- particle shell model, its validity and limitations; Rotational spectra; Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules; Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanisms, compound nuclei and direct reactions; Classification of fundamental forces; Elementary particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons); Spin and parity assignments, isospin, strangeness; Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula; C, P, and T invariance and applications of symmetry arguments to particle reactions, parity non-conservation in weak interaction; Relativistic kinematics.

Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission - written examination syllabus for Assistant Professor in Physics.

Syllabus for written examination for the Post of Assistant Professor in the subject of Physics I. Mathematical Methods of Physics Dimensional analysis; Vector algebra and vector calculus; Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalue problems; Linear differential equations; Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre);

Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms; Elements of complex analysis: Laurent series - poles, residues and evaluation of integrals; Elementary ideas about tensors. Functions of a complex variable, Cauchy Riemann equations, Harmonic functions, complex integration, Cauchy's integral formula.

II. Classical Mechanics Newton's laws; Phase space dynamics, stability analysis; Central-force motion; Two-body collisions, scattering in laboratory and centre-of-mass frames; Rigid body dynamics, moment of inertia tensor, non-inertial frames and pseudoforces; Variational principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms and equations of motion; Poisson brackets and canonical transformations; Symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic coordinates; Periodic motion, small oscillations and normal modes. Hamilton-Jacobi equations for Hamilton's characteristic function.

III. Electromagnetic Theory Electrostatics: Gauss' Law and its applications; Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems, Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on fields at interfaces; Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance; Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics, and conductors; Dispersion relations in plasma; Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equations; Transmission lines and wave guides; Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields; Radiation from moving charges, dipoles and retarded potentials, Lienard-Wiechert potentials.

IV. Quantum Mechanics Wave-particle duality, Wave functions in coordinate and momentum representations; Commutators and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Matrix representation; Dirac's bra and ket notation; Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent); Eigenvalue problems such as particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, etc.;

Tunneling through a barrier; Motion in a central potential; Orbital angular momentum, Angular momentum algebra, spin; Addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom, spin-orbit coupling, fine structure; Time-independent perturbation theory and applications; Variational method; WKB approximation; Time dependent perturbation theory;

Fermi's Golden Rule; Selection rules; Semi-classical theory of radiation; Elementary ideas of relativistic quantum mechanics; Klein Gordon and Dirac equations; Identical particles, Pauli's exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics Phase space, micro- and macro-states, ensembles: microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles and partition functions; Free Energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities; Gibb's paradox. First- and second-order phase transitions, Mean field theory, Landau's theory. Classical and quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose gases; Blackbody radiation and Planck’s distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; Diffusion equation.

VI. Electronics Semiconductor device physics, including diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo and heterojunction devices, device characteristics, frequency and power dependence. Opto-electronic devices, high-frequency devices, Operational amplifiers and their applications; Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, and similar circuits); A/D and D/A converters. Logic gates; one bit RS, JK, JK-slave, D and T Flip Flops.

VII. Computational methods in physics Numerical analysis: Elements of computational techniques; interpolation and extrapolation, curve fitting, solutions of equations; Bisection method, secant method, numerical integration; Trapezoidal, Simpson's methods, Runge-Kutta method. Solutions of algebraic and transcendental equations; Newton-Raphson method, solution of linear system of equations by Gauss Elimination method.

VIII. Atomic & Molecular Physics Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin: one electron atoms, Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS & JJ coupling; Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect; X-ray spectroscopy; Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shifts, rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules, Frank - Condon principle, spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients.

IX. Condensed Matter Physics Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding of solids; Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat; Free electron theory and electronic specific heat; Drude and Sommerfeld theory, Hall effect and thermoelectric power; Di and paramagnetism, diamagnetism of free electrons and Landau levels; Weiss theory of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism; ferroelectricity; Superconductivity, type – I and type – II superconductors, Josephson junctions; Defects and dislocations; Ordered phases of matter, translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order; Conducting polymers; Quasicrystals.

Prepare With PhysicsByAaryan One syllabus, many exams. Because the syllabi of Assistant Professor examinations overlap heavily with CSIR-NET and GATE, a single well-planned preparation can qualify you for all of them. That is exactly how our courses are structured.

Detailed notes for the entire syllabus No topic is left out from any Assistant Professor / CSIR-NET / GATE syllabus.

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Official syllabus for the post of Assistant Professor (College Cadre), Subject - Physics, Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission.

PART 'A' - CORE

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics

Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations of first & second order. Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions). Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor & Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

II. Classical Mechanics

Newton's laws. Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Central force motions. Two body Collisions - scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid body dynamics - moment of inertia tensor. Non-inertial frames and pseudoforces. Variational principle. Generalized coordinates. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion. Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes. Special theory of relativity - Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence.

III. Electromagnetic Theory

Electrostatics: Gauss's law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem. Electromagnetic induction. Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves in free space. Dielectrics and conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel's law, interference, coherence, and diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields.

IV. Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality. Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent). Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc.). Tunneling through a barrier. Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential: orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment. Time-independent perturbation theory and applications. Variational method. Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules. Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences. Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase space, micro- and macro-states. Micro-canonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions. Free energy and its connection with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics. Ideal Bose and Fermi gases. Principle of detailed balance. Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods

Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo- and hetero-junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications. Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs). Operational amplifiers and their applications. Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits). A/D and D/A converters. Microprocessor and microcontroller basics.

Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least squares fitting.

PART 'B' - ADVANCED

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics

Green's function. Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions). Elements of computational techniques: root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson's rule, Solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method. Finite difference methods. Tensors. Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3).

II. Classical Mechanics

Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Poisson brackets and canonical transformations. Symmetry, invariance and Noether's theorem. Hamilton-Jacobi theory.

III. Electromagnetic Theory

Dispersion relations in plasma. Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equation. Transmission lines and wave guides. Radiation - from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials.

IV. Quantum Mechanics

Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure. WKB approximation. Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves. Born approximation. Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. Semi-classical theory of radiation.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

First- and second-order phase transitions. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Ising model. Bose-Einstein condensation. Diffusion equation. Random walk and Brownian motion. Introduction to nonequilibrium processes.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods

Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test. Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors). Measurement and control. Signal conditioning and recovery. Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding. Fourier transforms, lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques. High frequency devices (including generators and detectors).

VII. Atomic & Molecular Physics

Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of helium and alkali atom. Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectrum lines, LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects. Electron spin resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules. Lasers: spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients. Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.

VIII. Condensed Matter Physics

Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction and the structure factor. Bonding of solids. Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat. Response and relaxation phenomena. Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall effect and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: metals, insulators and semiconductors. Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors. Josephson junctions. Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals.

IX. Nuclear and Particle Physics

Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity. Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces. Deuteron problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations. Rotational spectra. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion. Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions.

Classification of fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc.). Gellmann-Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C, P, and T invariance. Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in weak interaction. Relativistic kinematics.

Detailed syllabus of Paper-1 for recruitment to all Class-I to III (now Group A to C) posts / services to be filled up in accordance with Rule 6(B)(ii)(a) and 6(E)(i) of the Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission (Procedure and Transaction of Business) Rules, 2023, applicable for all vacancies advertised w.e.f. 01-11-2024.

1. General Knowledge of Himachal Pradesh

History of Himachal Pradesh

• Ancient, Medieval and Modern Administrative and Political History of Himachal Pradesh.

• The role of erstwhile Hill States of Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Freedom Struggle Movement.

• Princely regime in Himachal Pradesh, Praja Mandal Movement, Kunihar Movement, Theog Movement, Dodra Kawar Revolt, Nalagarh Movement.

• Encounter of Hill States of Himachal Pradesh with Muslim, Sikh, Gurkha Rulers and Britishers.

• Birth of Himachal Pradesh and its struggle for Vishal Himachal and full Statehood.

Geography of Himachal Pradesh

• Geographical location and Topography of Himachal Pradesh, Area, Population, Physiographic Divisions, Mountain Ranges, Passes, Rivers, Hydropower Projects, Lakes, Hot Springs, Glaciers, Valleys, Soil, Climate, Flora, Fauna, Fisheries and Minerals of Himachal Pradesh, National Parks, Neighbouring states/countries, Important places and institutions.

Culture of Himachal Pradesh

• Customs and Manners, Birth, Marriage, Kingship, Art, Architecture & Handicraft, Fairs and Festivals, Folk songs, Folk Dance & Drama, Language, Dialects and Literature of Himachal Pradesh.

• Heritage - Temples, Palaces, Monuments, Forts.

• Castes & Tribes of Himachal Pradesh, their socio-cultural & economic aspects.

Polity of Himachal Pradesh

• Reorganization and Politics of Statehood.

• Development of political parties, major political parties and their support and performance in assembly and parliamentary elections in Himachal Pradesh.

• Famous Personalities of Himachal Pradesh.

• Structure, Organization & functioning of statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies in Himachal Pradesh.

• Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha.

2. General Knowledge of National & International Affairs

• Current events of national and international importance up to the date of examination and two years previous to that date.

3. Knowledge of Hindi Language

• Knowledge of Hindi Grammar: भाषा, भाषा के रूप, लिपि, वर्ण, व्यंजन, पर्यायवाची शब्द, विलोमार्थी शब्द, उपसर्ग, संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रिया और मुहावरे।

4. Knowledge of English Grammar

• Tenses, Preposition, Direct and Indirect Speech, Conjunctions, Interjections, Article and Determiners, Change of Voice.

Karnataka State Eligibility Test (KSET) 2026 — Subject: PHYSICAL SCIENCE (Subject Code 25). Paper II consists of 100 compulsory objective questions of 2 marks each, from Part A (Core) and Part B (Advanced).

PART 'A' CORE

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics

Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations of first & second order, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions). Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor & Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

II. Classical Mechanics

Newton's laws. Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Central force motions. Two body Collisions - scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid body dynamics - moment of inertia tensor. Non-inertial frames and pseudoforces. Variational principle. Generalized coordinates. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion. Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes. Special theory of relativity - Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence.

III. Electromagnetic Theory

Electrostatics: Gauss's law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem. Electromagnetic induction. Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves in free space. Dielectrics and conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel's law, interference, coherence, and diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields.

IV. Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality. Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent). Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc.). Tunneling through a barrier. Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential: orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment. Time-independent perturbation theory and applications. Variational method. Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules. Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences. Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase space, micro- and macro-states. Micro-canonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions. Free energy and its connection with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics. Ideal Bose and Fermi gases. Principle of detailed balance. Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods

Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo- and hetero-junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications. Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs). Operational amplifiers and their applications. Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits). A/D and D/A converters. Microprocessor and microcontroller basics. Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least squares fitting.

PART 'B' ADVANCED

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics

Green's function. Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions). Elements of computational techniques: root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson's rule, Solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method. Finite difference methods. Tensors. Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3).

II. Classical Mechanics

Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Poisson brackets and canonical transformations. Symmetry, invariance and Noether's theorem. Hamilton-Jacobi theory.

III. Electromagnetic Theory

Dispersion relations in plasma. Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equation. Transmission lines and wave guides. Radiation - from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials.

IV. Quantum Mechanics

Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure. WKB approximation. Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation. Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. Semi-classical theory of radiation.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

First- and second-order phase transitions. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Ising model. Bose-Einstein condensation. Diffusion equation. Random walk and Brownian motion. Introduction to nonequilibrium processes.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods

Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test. Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors). Measurement and control. Signal conditioning and recovery. Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding. Fourier transforms, lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques. High frequency devices (including generators and detectors).

VII. Atomic & Molecular Physics

Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of helium and alkali atom. Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectrum lines, LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects. Electron spin resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules. Lasers: spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients. Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.

VIII. Condensed Matter Physics

Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction and the structure factor. Bonding of solids. Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat. Response and relaxation phenomena. Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall effect and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: metals, insulators and semiconductors. Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors. Josephson junctions. Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals.

IX. Nuclear and Particle Physics

Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity. Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces. Deuteron problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations. Rotational spectra. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion. Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions. Classification of fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc.). Gellmann-Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C, P, and T invariance. Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in weak interaction. Relativistic kinematics.

KSET Paper I — General Paper on Teaching & Research Aptitude (Subject Code 00). 50 compulsory objective questions of 2 marks each; five questions are set from each of the ten units.

Unit I — Teaching Aptitude

• Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.

• Learner's characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.

• Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner, Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.

• Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centred vs. Learner centred methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).

• Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.

• Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.

Unit II — Research Aptitude

• Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Post-positivistic approach to research.

• Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.

• Steps of Research.

• Thesis and Article writing: Format and Styles of referencing.

• Application of ICT in research.

• Research ethics.

Unit III — Comprehension

• A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.

Unit IV — Communication

• Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.

• Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.

• Barriers to effective communication.

• Mass-Media and Society.

Unit V — Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude

• Types of reasoning.

• Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.

• Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).

Unit VI — Logical Reasoning

• Understanding the structure of arguments: arguments forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.

• Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.

• Analogies.

• Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of arguments.

• Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.

• Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).

• Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

Unit VII — Data Interpretation

• Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.

• Quantitative and Qualitative Data.

• Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart and Line-chart) and mapping of Data.

• Data Interpretation.

• Data and Governance.

Unit VIII — Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.

• Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.

• Digital initiatives in higher education.

• ICT and Governance.

Unit IX — People, Development and Environment

• Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable development goals.

• Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on environment.

• Environmental Issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.

• Impacts of pollutants on human health.

• Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.

• Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.

• Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate change, International agreements/efforts — Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.

Unit X — Higher Education System

• Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.

• Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.

• Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.

• Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.

• Value education and environmental education.

• Policies, Governance, and Administration.

Official Bihar STET Paper II (Uchcha Madhyamik) Physics syllabus — Unit I, Subject: Physics, 100 Marks. Graduation (Honours) level.

Unit 1 — Mechanics

• Error Theory.

• Units and dimensions, SI Units, Kinematics of Particle (projectiles and circular motion).

• Dynamics of Particles: forces in nature, Friction, Gravitation, Contact forces.

• Work and energy, Momentum and Energy conservation laws, collision in one and two dimensions, Gravitational potential, Satellite, escape speed, variation of g on Earth.

• Centre of mass, moment of force, angular momentum, moment of inertia.

• Analytical Mechanics: Generalised co-ordinates and velocities, Hamilton's Principle, Lagrangian and the Euler-Lagrange equation, Hamilton's equations of motion.

• High speed mechanics: Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz Transformations, Variation of mass with velocity, Mass-energy Equivalence.

Unit 2 — General Properties of Bulk Matter

• Elasticity: Stress, strain, Hooke's law, Moduli of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, stress in anisotropic bodies.

• Viscosity: Types of fluid flow, Ideal flow and Bernoulli's Theorem, viscosity, Stokes law, Poiseuille Equation.

• Surface Tension: Surface Energy, Contact angle, capillarity, Effect of temperature and contaminations.

Unit 3 — Heat & Thermodynamics

• Kinetic Theory of Gases, Distribution of Velocities, Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of Distribution of Velocities in an Ideal Gas and Experimental Verification, Mean free Path, Van der Waal's Equation of State for Real Gases.

• Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics: Zeroth Law and Concept of Temperature, First Law of Thermodynamics and its differential form, Internal Energy, Application of First Law: General Relation between Cp and Cv, Work Done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes.

• Second Law of Thermodynamics: Reversible and Irreversible process with examples, Carnot's Cycle, Carnot engine & efficiency, Refrigerator & coefficient of performance, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements and their Equivalence, Carnot's Theorem.

• Entropy: Concept of Entropy, Clausius Theorem, Clausius Inequality, Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy.

Unit 4 — Oscillations and Waves

• Periodic motion, oscillation, SHM, Damped oscillation, forced oscillation, Resonance.

• Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves, Longitudinal and Transverse Waves, Plane Progressive (Travelling) Waves, Wave Equation, Phase and Group Velocities, Changes with respect to Position and Time.

• Wave Speed in air, Laplace's correction to Newton's formula, Oscillation of air column and resonance tube, Beats, Acoustic Doppler Effect, Acoustics of Buildings.

Unit 5 — Electrostatics and Magnetostatics

• Electric Field and Electric Potential: Electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, Gauss' Law with applications, Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field, Electrostatic Potential, Laplace's and Poisson equations.

• Dielectric Properties of Matter: Polarization, Displacement Vector D, Relations between E, P and D.

• Magnetic Field: Magnetic force between current elements and definition of Magnetic Field B, Biot-Savart's Law and its simple applications.

• Magnetic Properties of Matter: Magnetization vector (M), Magnetic Intensity (H), Magnetic Susceptibility and permeability, Relation between B, H, M, B-H curve and hysteresis, Ferromagnetism.

Unit 6 — Electromagnetic Theory

• Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's Law, Lenz's Law, Self Inductance and Mutual Inductance, Introduction to Maxwell's Equations: Displacement Current, Boundary Conditions at Interface between Different Media, Wave Equation, Electromagnetic Energy Density and its Physical concept.

• EM Wave in Bounded Media: Brewster's law, Total internal reflection.

• Optical Fibres: Numerical Aperture, Step and Graded Indices (Definitions Only), Single and Multiple Mode Fibres.

Unit 7 — Electric Circuit

• Charging and discharging of capacitor in RC circuit, Growth and decay of current in inductor in LR circuit.

• AC circuit: Kirchhoff's Law for AC circuits, impedance, Reactance, Capacitance, circuits with AC source and L, C and R, LCR-series circuit, resonance, band width, Q-factor, Parallel LCR circuit as rejecter circuit.

Unit 8 — Optics

• Fermat Principle, reflection law and mirrors, refraction laws, refractive index, critical angle, Total Internal Reflection, Slab, Prism, refraction at spherical interface, lens, lens maker's formula, magnification, power of lens doublet.

• Dispersion, scattering, Light waves: Huygens Principle.

• Interference: Young's double slit experiment, interference in Thin Film, parallel and wedge-shaped films, Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes), Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes), Newton's Ring, Measurement of wavelength and refractive index.

• Difference between interference and diffraction.

• Polarization and its laws.

Unit 9 — Modern Physics

• Planck's Quantum hypothesis, Blackbody radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton's scattering, De-Broglie's wavelength, Davisson-Germer experiment, Wave description of particles by wave packets, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

• Many electron atom: Bohr's Atomic model, Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic model, Fine structure of hydrogen lines, Total Angular Momentum, Vector Atom Model, Quantum numbers associated with the atom, Spin Quantization, Spin orbit coupling in atom: L-S and J-J couplings.

• Particle Accelerators: Cyclotron, Measurement of Charge and the ratio (e/m).

• Size and structure of atomic nucleus, Nature of Nuclear force, N-Z curve, Binding energy, Stability of the nucleus, Radioactivity, Mean life and half-life, Alpha decay, Beta decay, Gamma ray emission, Origin and types of X-ray spectra, Fission and fusion, Nuclear reactor.

• Lasers: Spontaneous and Stimulated emission, Optical Pumping and Population Inversion.

• Basic Quantum mechanics: Wave function of a free particle, Time dependent Schrodinger equation, Properties of wave function, Interpretation of Wave Function, Normalization, Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions, Particle in a box, Simple harmonic oscillator — energy levels and energy eigenfunctions.

• Quantum Numbers of Hydrogen like atoms, Zeeman Effect.

Unit 10 — Electronics and Communication

• P and N type semiconductors, Energy band gap, conductivity and mobility, PN junction Diode, Forward and Reverse Biased Diode, Zener diode and Voltage Regulation.

• Transistor, I-V characteristics, Current gains in transistor, transistor as amplifier, Barkhausen's Criterion, Oscillator (basic).

• Digital circuit: analog and digital circuit, Decimal and Binary Numbers, Logic Gates, Universal Logic Gates, De Morgan's Theorems, Boolean Laws.

• Block diagram of communication system, Bandwidth of signal, Propagation of EM waves in the atmosphere, Sky and space wave propagation, Need for modulation, Amplitude Modulation.

Unit II — Art of Teaching (30 Marks) and Other Skills (20 Marks). Common to all Bihar STET subjects.

A. Art of Teaching (30 Marks)

• Teaching & Learning: Meaning, Process & Characteristics.

• Teaching Objectives and Instructional objectives: Meaning & Types, Bloom's Taxonomy.

• Teaching Methods: Types and their Characteristics, Merits and demerits of Methods.

• Lesson Plan: Types, Format & Various Models.

• Microteaching & Instructional analysis.

• Effective ecosystem of Classroom.

• Textbook and library.

• Qualities of Teacher.

• Evaluation & Assessment for learning.

• Curriculum.

• Factors affecting teaching and learning.

• Teaching Aids and Hands on learning.

B. Other Skills (20 Marks)

• General Knowledge.

• Environmental Science.

• Mathematical aptitude.

• Logical Reasoning.

I. Preliminary Examination (150 Marks, 2 Hours, screening only)

The preliminary competitive examination is of General Studies. All questions are objective multiple choice, 1 mark each, with 1/3 negative marking for every wrong answer as well as for every unanswered question (option E must be marked if a question is not attempted).

• General Science.

• Current events of national and international importance.

• History of India and the salient features of the history of Bihar.

• General Geography; major geographical divisions of Bihar and its important rivers.

• Indian polity and economy.

• Major changes in the economy of Bihar after independence.

• India's national movement and the contribution of Bihar to it.

• Questions testing general mental ability.

Minimum qualifying marks: General 40%, Backward Class 36.5%, Extremely Backward Class 34%, and SC/ST/Women/PwBD 32% (the 32% concession is available only to permanent residents of Bihar). Candidates called for the Mains are between 2.5 and 10 times the notified vacancies.

II. Main Examination — Higher Secondary School Teacher (Class 11-12), 150 Marks, 2 Hours 30 Minutes

The Mains paper is objective (MCQ) with 150 questions of 1 mark each and 1/3 negative marking, divided into three parts.

• Part-I — Language (Qualifying): practical knowledge of English and Hindi/Urdu/Bangla. 30 questions. A minimum of 30% is compulsory in this part.

• Part-II — General Studies: 40 questions from the Higher Secondary school curriculum, at the level of the minimum qualification prescribed for the post, including elementary mathematics, general awareness, general science, Indian national movement, and geography.

• Part-III — Subject Paper (Physics): 80 questions. The syllabus of the subject paper is related to SCERT/NCERT (Class 11-12), but its level corresponds to the minimum qualification prescribed for the candidate.

Candidates may select only the subject in which they have qualified the Teacher Eligibility Test (STET Paper-II for Class 11-12). The merit list for Class 11-12 posts is prepared on the total of Part-II and Part-III; ties are resolved by Part-III (subject) marks, then Part-I (language) marks, then age. There is no interview.

Eligible post-graduate subjects for the Physics post

• Physics / Electronics / Applied Physics / Nuclear Physics — minimum 50% marks, with B.Ed / B.Sc.Ed from an NCTE-recognised institution; or PG with 55% (or equivalent grade) plus a 3-year integrated B.Ed-M.Ed.

Physics vacancies and reservation (Class 11-12) — 1758 posts

• Unreserved (UR): 287

• Economically Weaker Section (EWS): 62

• Extremely Backward Class (EBC): 475 (152 + 323 backlog)

• Backward Class (BC): 171 (49 + 122 backlog)

• Scheduled Caste (SC): 600 (183 + 417 backlog)

• Scheduled Tribe (ST): 37 (11 + 26 backlog)

• Backward Class Ladies (BCL): 126 (36 + 90 backlog)

• Women (35% horizontal reservation): 223 posts — UR 96, EWS 13, EBC 45, BC 11, SC 58, ST 00

• Persons with Benchmark Disability (4% horizontal): 33 posts — Visually Impaired 07, Deaf & Dumb 11, Orthopaedically Handicapped 09, Mentally ill / Multiple Disability 06

• Grandchildren of freedom fighters (2% horizontal): 16 posts

• Transgender (horizontal reservation): 00 posts in Physics

Reservation benefits are available only to permanent residents of Bihar. 40% of the total posts are to be filled by candidates who passed Matric or Intermediate from institutions located in Bihar (undivided Bihar included). The number of vacancies may increase or decrease if the requisitioning department revises the requisition.

Paper-I is common and qualifying. Candidates for Scientific Assistant in IMD with a BSc Physics background attempt General Intelligence & Reasoning (50 questions, 50 marks), General Awareness (50 questions, 50 marks) and Part-F Physics (100 questions, 100 marks). Total 200 marks in 2 hours, with 0.25 marks deducted for each wrong answer.

General Intelligence & Reasoning (50 Marks)

The syllabus for General Intelligence would include questions of both verbal and non-verbal types. The test may include questions on analogies, similarities, differences, space visualization, problem-solving, analysis, judgment, decision-making, visual memory, discrimination, observation, relationship concepts, arithmetical reasoning, verbal and figure classification, arithmetical number series, etc. The test will also include questions designed to test the candidate's ability to deal with abstract ideas and symbols and their relationships, arithmetical computations, and other analytical functions.

General Awareness (50 Marks)

Questions will be aimed at testing the candidate's general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and such matters of everyday observations and experience in their scientific aspect, as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighbouring countries, especially pertaining to History, Culture, Geography, Economic Scene, General Polity and Scientific Research, etc. These questions will be such that they do not require a special study of any discipline.

Part-F (Physics) — 100 Marks

Mathematical Methods, Mechanics, General Properties of Matter, Oscillations, Waves, Optics, Electricity, Magnetism, Kinetic Theory, Thermodynamics, Modern Physics, Solid State Physics, Semiconductor Devices, Analog and Digital Electronics.

The standard of the questions in Physics shall be approximately equivalent to the graduation level.

Paper-II consists of Part-F (Physics) only — 100 objective multiple choice questions of 3 marks each, 300 marks in 2 hours, with 1 mark deducted for each wrong answer. Standard: graduation level.

Mathematical Methods

Calculus, Integral Calculus, Differential Equations, Fourier Series, Taylor expansion, Vector Algebra, Vector Calculus, Integral Theorems, Linear Algebra and Complex Numbers, Statistics and Error Analysis.

Mechanics

Newton's laws of motion and applications, coordinate systems and kinematics, inertial and non-inertial frames, Centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Motion under a central force, Kepler's Law, Gravitational Law, conservative and non-conservative forces, System of particles, conservation laws, Elastic and inelastic collisions, Moment of inertia, Rigid body dynamics.

General Properties of Matter

Elasticity, surface tension, viscosity, fluid dynamics, kinematics of moving fluids, equation of continuity, Euler's equation, Bernoulli's theorem.

Oscillations

Simple harmonic oscillator, superposition of two or more simple harmonic oscillators, Lissajous figures, damped and forced oscillations, resonance, quality factor and bandwidth.

Waves

Wave equation, travelling and standing waves in one dimension, energy density and energy transmission of waves, group velocity and phase velocity, sound waves, Doppler effect.

Optics

Geometrical optics — Fermat's principle, Reflection and refraction, mirrors and lenses and image formation, Interference of light and diffraction, Rayleigh Criterion and resolving power, diffraction gratings, polarization: linear, circular and elliptic polarization, double refraction and optical rotation.

Electricity

Coulomb's law, electric field, electric potential, Gauss's law, conductors and dielectrics, polarization and bound charges, capacitors and capacitances, electrostatic energy, boundary conditions, Laplace equation and boundary value problems, electric current and current density, Ohm's law, DC circuits, AC circuits (RC, LC, LCR), resonance in AC circuits.

Magnetism

Magnetic field, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, magnetic vector potential, Lorentz force, Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, self and mutual induction, Maxwell's equations, displacement current, EM waves, Poynting vector and energy flow, Reflection and transmission of EM waves.

Kinetic Theory

Kinetic theory postulates, ideal gas equation, pressure and temperature, degree of freedom, equipartition theorem, specific heat of mono-, di- and tri-atomic gases, Maxwell's velocity distribution, most probable velocity, mean and RMS velocity, mean free path, van der Waals gas and equation of state.

Thermodynamics

Laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes (isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric), entropy, reversible, irreversible and quasi-static processes, Carnot cycle, heat engines and efficiency, Maxwell's thermodynamic relations and applications, thermodynamic potentials and their applications, phase transitions, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, microstate and macrostate, ideas of ensembles, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions.

Modern Physics

Inertial frames and Galilean invariance, Special theory of relativity, black body radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, De Broglie waves, uncertainty principle, X-rays, Schrodinger equation and its solution for one, two and three dimensional boxes, particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, potential steps and barrier, tunneling, Bohr atom, atomic spectra, Pauli exclusion principle, structure of atomic nucleus, mass and binding energy, radioactivity and its applications, laws of radioactive decay.

Solid State Physics

Crystal structure, unit cell and lattice parameters, Bravais lattices, basis and crystal systems, Miller indices, crystal planes and directions, X-ray diffraction and Bragg's law, band theory of solids, conductors, semiconductors and insulators, energy bands, Fermi energy and Fermi level, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, carrier concentration and conductivity, variation of resistivity with temperature.

Semiconductor Devices

PN junction diode, diode characteristics, Zener diode and its applications, rectifiers, bipolar junction transistors (BJT), CB, CE and CC configurations, transistor characteristics.

Analog and Digital Electronics

Single-stage amplifiers, two-stage RC-coupled amplifiers, simple and sinusoidal oscillators, Barkhausen condition, Operational amplifiers (OPAMP) and applications, Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, Integrator and Differentiator, Boolean algebra: binary number system, conversion from one number system to another number system; binary addition and subtraction. Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR; Combination of gates, Truth tables, De Morgan's theorem.

1. Solid Earth Geophysics

Introduction to geophysics and its branches; solar system, origin and characteristics of planets; shape and rotation of the Earth; gravity and magnetic fields of the Earth; geomagnetism, rock and mineral magnetism; elastic waves and propagation; internal structure of the Earth; plate tectonics; earthquakes, focal depth, epicentre, intensity and magnitude scales, seismicity.

2. Mathematical Methods in Geophysics

Vector algebra and analysis, gradient, divergence, curl, Gauss divergence and Stokes theorems; matrices, eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Newton's law of gravitation and gravity potential; conservation laws; rigid body motion and moment of inertia; special theory of relativity and Lorentz transformation; inverse theory, forward and inverse problems; probability, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions; linear algebra, ODEs and PDEs (Laplace, wave, heat); numerical techniques — interpolation, Simpson's rule, Runge-Kutta, finite difference and finite element methods.

3. Electromagnetism

Electrostatic and magnetostatic fields, Coulomb's law, permittivity and dielectric constant, Lorentz force; Ampere's law, Biot-Savart law, Gauss theorem, Poisson and Laplace equations; displacement current, Faraday's law; Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions; plane electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectric and conducting media; vector and scalar potentials.

4. Geophysical Prospecting

Principles, data reduction and applications of gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic and well-logging methods; seismic methods — Fermat's principle, Snell's law, energy partitioning, reflection and transmission coefficients, layered media; signals and systems, sampling theorem, aliasing, Fourier series and transform, Laplace transform, convolution, auto and cross correlation, power spectrum, delta and unit step functions.

5. Remote Sensing and Thermodynamics

Fundamentals of remote sensing, electromagnetic spectrum, energy-frequency-wavelength relationship, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien's law, Planck's radiation law, interaction of EM energy with atmosphere and terrain; laws of thermodynamics and thermodynamic potentials.

6. Nuclear Physics and Radiometry

Nuclear size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity; binding energy and semi-empirical mass formula; fission and fusion; radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma decay; photoelectric and Compton effect, pair production; decay law; radioactivity of rocks and minerals; radiation detectors — ionization chamber, G-M counter, scintillation counter, gamma-ray spectrometer; matter waves, electron spin, spectra of hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms.

PART A — Geophysics

A1. Solid Earth Geophysics

Introduction to Geophysics and its branches. Solar system: origin, characteristics of planets. Earth: rotation and figure, Geoid, Spheroid and topography. Plate tectonics and geodynamic processes, thermal history and heat flow, temperature variation in the Earth, convection currents. Gravity field of Earth and Isostasy. Geomagnetism, elements of Earth's magnetism: internal and external fields and their causes, palaeomagnetism, polar wandering paths, continental drift, seafloor spreading and its geophysical evidences. Elastic waves, body waves and internal structure of the Earth, variation of physical properties in the interior of the Earth, Adam-Williamson's equation.

A2. Earthquake Seismology

Seismology, earthquakes, focal depth, epicentre, great Indian earthquakes, intensity and magnitude scales, energy of earthquakes, foreshocks, aftershocks, elastic rebound theory, types and nature of faulting, fault plane solutions, seismicity and seismotectonics of India, frequency-magnitude relation (b-values). Bulk and rigidity modulus, Lame's parameter, seismic waves: types and propagation characteristics, absorption, attenuation and dispersion. Seismic ray theory for spherically and horizontally stratified earth, basic principles of seismic tomography and receiver function analysis, velocity structure, Vp/Vs studies, seismic networks and arrays, telemetry systems, principle of electromagnetic seismograph, displacement meters, velocity meters, accelerometers, broadband seismometer, WWSSN stations, seismic arrays for detection of nuclear explosions. Earthquake prediction; dilatancy theory, short-, medium- and long-term predictions, seismic microzonation, applications to engineering problems.

A3. Mathematical Methods in Geophysics

Elements of vector analysis, gradient, divergence and curl, Gauss's divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem, gravitational field, Newton's law of gravitation, gravitational potential and fields due to bodies of different geometric shapes, Coulomb's law, electrical permittivity and dielectric constant, origin of magnetic field, Ampere's law, Biot-Savart law, geomagnetic fields, magnetic fields due to different types of structures, solution of Laplace equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, image theory, electrical fields due to charge, point source, continuous charge distribution and double layers, equipotential and lines of force. Current and potential in the earth, basic concept and equations of electromagnetic induction, Maxwell's equations, near and far fields, attenuation of EM waves, EM field of a loop of wire on half space and multi-layered media.

A4. Geophysical Inversion

Fundamental concepts of inverse theory, definition and its application to geophysics. Probability, inversion with discrete and continuous models. Forward versus inverse problems, direct and model-based inversions, formulation and classification of inverse problems, least square solutions and minimum norm solution, concept of norms, Jacobian matrix, condition number, stability, non-uniqueness and resolution of inverse problems, concept of 'a priori' information, constrained linear least squares inversion, review of matrix theory. Models and data spaces, data resolution matrix, model resolution matrix, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, singular value decomposition (SVD), Gauss-Newton method, steepest descent (gradient) method, Marquardt-Levenberg method. Probabilistic approach of inverse problems, maximum likelihood and stochastic inverse methods, random search inversion (Monte Carlo), Backus-Gilbert method, Bayesian theorem and inversion. Global optimization techniques: genetic algorithm and simulated annealing methods.

PART B — Physics

B1. Mathematical Methods of Physics

Dimensional analysis; units and measurement; vector algebra and vector calculus; linear algebra, matrices: eigenvalues and eigenvectors; linear ordinary differential equations of first and second order; special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre); Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms; elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions; Green's function; partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions); elements of numerical techniques: root of functions, interpolation and extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson's rule, solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method; tensors; complex variables and analysis; analytic functions; Taylor and Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals; beta and gamma functions; operators and their properties; least-squares fitting.

B2. Electrodynamics

Electrostatics: Gauss' law and its applications; Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems; magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem, Ampere's circuital law; magnetic vector potential; Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction; electromagnetic vector and scalar potentials; uniqueness of electromagnetic potentials and concept of gauge: Lorentz and Coulomb gauges; Lorentz force; charged particles in uniform and non-uniform electric and magnetic fields; Poynting theorem; electromagnetic fields from Lienard-Wiechert potential of a moving charge; bremsstrahlung radiation; Cerenkov radiation; radiation due to oscillatory electric dipole; condition for plasma existence; occurrence of plasma; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma waves; transformation of electromagnetic potentials; Lorentz condition; invariance or covariance of Maxwell field equations in terms of 4-vectors; electromagnetic field tensor; Lorentz transformation of electric and magnetic fields.

B3. Electromagnetic Theory

Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms, physical significance; displacement current; boundary conditions; wave equation, plane electromagnetic waves in free space, non-conducting isotropic medium and conducting medium; scalar and vector potentials; reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves; Fresnel's law; interference; coherence; diffraction and polarization; Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equations; transmission lines and waveguides.

B4. Introductory Atmospheric and Space Physics

The neutral atmosphere; atmospheric nomenclature; height profile of atmosphere; hydrostatic equation; geopotential height; expansion and contraction; fundamental forces in the atmosphere; apparent forces; atmospheric composition; solar radiation interaction with the neutral atmosphere; climate change; electromagnetic radiation and propagation of waves: EM radiation; effects of environment; antennas: basic considerations and types; propagation of waves: ground wave, sky wave and space wave propagation; troposcatter communication and extra-terrestrial communication; the ionosphere; morphology of ionosphere: the D, E and F regions; chemistry of the ionosphere; ionospheric parameters, E and F region anomalies and irregularities; Global Positioning Systems (GPS): overview of GPS system, augmentation services, GPS system segment, GPS signal characteristics, GPS errors, multipath effects, GPS performance; satellite navigation systems and applications.

PART A — Geophysics

A1. Potential Field (Gravity and Magnetic) Methods

Geophysical potential fields, inverse square law, principles of gravity and magnetic methods, global gravity anomalies, Newtonian and logarithmic potential, Laplace's equations for potential field, Green's function, concept of gravity anomaly, rock densities and factors controlling them, determination of density, Earth's main magnetic field, origin, diurnal and secular variations, geomagnetic elements, intensity of magnetization and induction, magnetic potential and its relation to field, units of measurement, interrelationship between components of magnetic fields, Poisson's relation, magnetic susceptibility and controlling factors. Magnetic mineralogy: hysteresis, rock magnetism, natural and remnant magnetization, demagnetization effects. Principles of gravity and magnetic instruments, plan of conducting surveys, data reduction, gravity bases, International Gravity Formula, IGRF corrections. Regional and residual anomalies and methods of separation, edge enhancement techniques (derivatives, continuation, analytical signal, reduction to pole and Euler deconvolution), ambiguity in potential field interpretation, factors affecting magnetic anomalies, applications in geodynamics, mineral exploration and environmental studies, qualitative interpretation, interpretation of anomalies due to different geometrical bodies and modelling.

A2. Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods

Electrical properties of rocks and minerals, concepts and assumptions of horizontally stratified earth, anisotropy and its effects, geoelectric and geological sections, D.C. resistivity method, natural electric field, various electrode configurations, profiling and sounding (VES), types of sounding curves, equivalence and suppression, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). SP method: origin of SP and applications. Induced Polarization (IP): origin, membrane and electrode polarization, time and frequency domain measurement, chargeability, percent frequency effect and metal factor, applications in mineral exploration. Electromagnetic methods: passive and active source methods, diffusion equation, wave and damped wave equation, boundary conditions, skin depth, depth of investigation and penetration, amplitude and phase relations, real and imaginary components, elliptical polarization, principles of EM prospecting, dip angle, Turam, moving source-receiver methods — horizontal loop (Slingram), AFMAG and VLF. Time domain EM: INPUT method. EM profiling and sounding, interpretation of EM anomalies, EM scale modelling. Magnetotellurics: origin and characteristics of MT fields, instrumentation, TE and TM modes, static shift, dimensionality and directionality analysis, field layout, interpretation and applications. Principles of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR).

A3. Seismic Prospecting

Basic principles of seismic methods, factors affecting seismic velocities in rocks, reflection, refraction and energy partitioning at an interface, geometrical spreading, reflection and refraction of waves in layered and dipping media, seismic absorption and anisotropy, multichannel seismic (CDP) data acquisition (2D and 3D), sources of energy, geophones, geometry of arrays, different spread geometries, instrumentation and digital recording. Different types of multiples, travel time curves, corrections, interpretation of data, bright spot, low velocity layer, data processing, static and dynamic (NMO and DMO) corrections, shot-receiver gather, foldage, multiplexing and demultiplexing. Dix's equation, velocities: interval, average and RMS, seismic resolution and Fresnel zone, velocity analysis and migration techniques, seismic interpretation, time and depth sections, fundamentals of VSP method, High Resolution Seismic Surveys (HRSS).

A4. Borehole Geophysics

Objectives of well logging, concepts of borehole geophysics, borehole conditions, properties of reservoir rock formations, formation parameters and their relationships — formation factor, porosity, permeability, formation water resistivity, water saturation, irreducible water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, residual hydrocarbon saturation; Archie's and Humble's equations; principles, instrumentation, operational procedures and interpretation of various geophysical logs: SP, resistivity and micro-resistivity, gamma ray, neutron, sonic, temperature, caliper and directional logs. Production logging, overlays and cross-plots of well-log data, determination of formation lithology, porosity, permeability and oil-water saturation, sub-surface correlation and mapping, delineation of fractures; application of well logging in hydrocarbon, groundwater, coal, metallic and non-metallic mineral exploration.

PART B — Physics

B1. Classical Mechanics

Inertial and non-inertial frames, Newton's laws; pseudo forces; central force motion; two-body collisions, scattering in laboratory and centre-of-mass frames; rigid body dynamics, moment of inertia, variational principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms and equations of motion; Poisson brackets and canonical transformations; symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic coordinates; periodic motion, small oscillations and normal modes; special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence.

B2. Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics and their significance; thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations; chemical potential, phase equilibria; phase space, micro- and macro-states; microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles and partition functions; free energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities; first and second order phase transitions; Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose gases; principle of detailed balance; blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; random walk and Brownian motion; diffusion equation.

B3. Atomic and Molecular Physics and Characterization of Materials

Quantum states of an electron in an atom; electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment; spectrum of hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS and JJ coupling; Zeeman, Paschen-Back and Stark effects; rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules; Franck-Condon principle; thermal and optical properties of materials, study of microstructure using SEM, study of crystal structure using TEM; resonance methods: spin and applied magnetic field, Larmor precession, relaxation times — spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation, electron spin resonance, g factor, nuclear magnetic resonance, line width, motional narrowing, hyperfine splitting; nuclear gamma resonance: principles of Mössbauer spectroscopy, line width, resonance absorption, isomer shift, quadrupole splitting.

B4. Nuclear and Particle Physics

Basic nuclear properties: size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity; binding energy, packing fraction, semi-empirical mass formula; liquid drop model; fission and fusion, nuclear reactor; line of stability, characteristics of nuclear forces, nucleon-nucleon potential; charge independence and charge symmetry of nuclear forces; isospin; deuteron problem; evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations; elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules; nuclear reactions, reaction mechanisms, compound nuclei and direct reactions; classification of fundamental forces; elementary particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons); spin and parity assignments, strangeness; Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula; C, P and T invariance and applications of symmetry arguments to particle reactions, parity non-conservation in weak interaction; relativistic kinematics.

PART A — Geophysics

A1. Radiometric and Airborne Geophysics

Principles of radioactivity, radioactive decay processes, units, radioactivity of rocks and minerals, instruments, ionization chamber, G-M counter, scintillation counter, gamma ray spectrometer, radiometric prospecting for mineral exploration (direct/indirect applications), beach placers, titanium, zirconium and rare earths, radon studies in seismology and environmental applications. Airborne geophysical surveys (gravity, magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric), planning of surveys, flight path recovery methods, applications in geological mapping, identification of structural features and altered zones.

A2. Marine Geophysics

Salinity, temperature and density of sea water. Sea-floor features: physiography, divisions of sea floor, continental shelves, slopes and abyssal plains, growth and decline of ocean basins, turbidity currents, occurrence of mineral deposits and hydrocarbons in offshore. Geophysical surveys and instrumentation: gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic surveys, sonobuoy surveys, instrumentation used in shipborne surveys, towing cable and fish, data collection and survey procedures, corrections and interpretation of data. Oceanic magnetic anomalies, Vine-Matthews hypothesis, geomagnetic time scale and dating of sea floor, oceanic heat flow, ocean ridges, basins, marginal basins, rift valleys. Seismic surveys, energy sources — pinger, boomer, sparker, air gun, hydrophones and streamer cabling, data reduction and interpretation, ocean bottom seismic surveys, bathymetry, echo sounding, bathymetric charts, sea bed mapping, navigation and position fixing methods.

A3. Geophysical Signal Processing

Time series, types of signals, sampling theorem, aliasing effect, Fourier series of periodic waveforms, Fourier transform and its properties, discrete Fourier transform and FFT, Hilbert transform, convolution and deconvolution, auto and cross correlations, power spectrum, delta function, unit step function, time domain windows, Z transform and properties, inverse Z transform, poles and zeroes. Principles of digital filters, types of filters: recursive, non-recursive, time invariant, Chebyshev, Butterworth, moving average, amplitude and phase response of filters, low pass, band pass and high pass filters. Processing of random signals, improvement of signal-to-noise ratio, source and geophone arrays as spatial filters, Earth as a low pass filter.

A4. Remote Sensing and Geohydrology

Fundamental concepts of remote sensing, electromagnetic radiation spectrum, interaction of electromagnetic energy in the atmosphere and at the surface of the Earth, elements of photographic systems, reflectance and emittance, false colour composites, remote sensing platforms, flight planning, geosynchronous and sun synchronous orbits, sensors, resolution, parallax and vertical exaggeration, relief displacement, mosaic, aerial photo interpretation and geological applications. Fundamentals of photogrammetry, satellite remote sensing, multi-spectral scanners, thermal scanners, microwave remote sensing, fundamentals of image processing and interpretation for geological applications. Types of water bearing formations, porosity, permeability, storage coefficient, specific storage, specific retention, specific yield, different types of aquifers, vertical distribution of ground water, general flow equation; steady and unsteady flow of ground water in unconfined and confined aquifers.

PART B — Physics

B1. Solid State Physics and Basic Electronics

Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; different crystal systems, space groups; methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopes; band theory of solids, conductors, insulators and semiconductors; thermal properties of solids, specific heat: Einstein's and Debye theory; magnetism: dia, para and ferro; elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications; elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity. Semiconductor devices and circuits: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; devices and structures (p-n junctions, diodes, transistors, FET, JFET and MOSFET, homo and hetero junction transistors, thermistors), device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications; opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photodetectors, LEDs); operational amplifiers and their applications.

B2. Laser Systems

Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, coherence, light amplification and relation between Einstein A and B coefficients, rate equations for three and four level systems. Lasers: Ruby, Nd-YAG, CO2, dye, excimer, semiconductor. Laser cavity modes, line shape function and full width at half maximum (FWHM) for natural broadening, collision broadening, Doppler broadening; saturation behaviour of broadened transitions, longitudinal and transverse modes, mode selection, ABCD matrices and cavity stability criteria for confocal resonators, quality factor, expression for intensity for modes oscillating at random and mode-locked in phase, methods of Q-switching and mode locking, optical fibre waveguides and fibre characteristics.

B3. Digital Electronics, Radar Systems and Satellite Communications

Digital techniques and applications: Boolean identities, de Morgan's theorems, logic gates and truth tables; simple logic circuits: registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits; A/D and D/A converters; microprocessor basics and architecture; microcontroller basics; combinational and sequential logic circuits, functional diagram, timing diagram of read and write cycle, data transfer techniques: serial and parallel; fundamentals of digital computers. Radar systems, signal and data processing, surveillance radar, tracking radar, radar antenna parameters. Fundamentals of satellite systems, communication and orbiting satellites, satellite frequency bands, satellite orbit and inclinations, earth station technology.

B4. Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality; wave functions in coordinate and momentum representations; commutators and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; Schrödinger's wave equation (time-dependent and time-independent); eigenvalue problems: particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, tunnelling through a 1-D barrier; motion in a central potential; orbital angular momentum; addition of angular momentum; hydrogen atom; matrix representation; Dirac's bra and ket notations; time-independent perturbation theory and applications; variational method; WKB approximation; time-dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's Golden Rule; selection rules; semi-classical theory of radiation; elementary theory of scattering, phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation; identical particles, Pauli's exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection; relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations.

Official syllabus published by the Uttar Pradesh Education Service Selection Commission for Assistant Professor (Higher Education), Physics — Subject Code 76. The written exam has 90 Physics questions and 30 General Knowledge questions.

I. Mathematical Physics and Numerical Techniques

Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, eigenvalue problems; Linear differential equations; Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre); Recurrence relations. Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms; Elements of complex analysis: Laurent series, poles, residues and evaluation of integrals; Elementary ideas about tensors; Introductory group theory, SU(2), O(3); Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Numerical techniques: roots of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson's rule, solution of first order differential equations using Runge-Kutta method; Finite difference methods.

II. Classical Mechanics

Newton's laws; Phase space dynamics, stability analysis; Central-force motion; Two-body collisions, scattering in laboratory and centre-of-mass frames; Rigid body dynamics, moment of inertia tensor, non-inertial frames and pseudoforces; Variational principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion; Poisson brackets and canonical transformations; Hamilton-Jacobi theory; Symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic coordinates; Periodic motion, small oscillations and normal modes; Special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence; Twin paradox.

III. Electromagnetic Theory

Electrostatics: Gauss's law and its applications; Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems; Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem, electromagnetic induction; Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on fields at interfaces; Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance; Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics and conductors; Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel's law, interference, coherence and diffraction; Transmission lines and wave guides; Cavity resonator, plasma oscillation, dispersion relations in plasma; Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equations; Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields; Radiation from moving charges, dipoles and retarded potentials.

IV. Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences; Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations; Chemical potential, phase equilibria; Phase space, macro- and microstates; Microcanonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions; Free energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities; First- and second-order phase transitions; Classical and quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose gases; Principle of detailed balance; Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; Random walk and Brownian motion; Concept of non-equilibrium processes; Diffusion equation.

V. Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality; Wave function in coordinate and momentum representations; Commutators and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; Matrix representation; Dirac's bra and ket notation; Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent); Eigenvalue problems such as particle in a box and harmonic oscillator; Tunnelling through a barrier; Motion in a central potential; Orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin; Addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom, spin-orbit coupling, fine structure; Time-independent and time-dependent perturbation theory, Fermi's Golden Rule; Selection rules; Semi-classical theory of radiation; Elementary theory of scattering, phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation; Identical particles, Pauli's exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection; Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations.

VI. Electronics

Semiconductor devices: diodes, junction transistors, field effect transistors, homo and heterojunctions; their structure, characteristics, frequency dependence and applications; Optoelectronic devices: solar cells, photodetectors and LEDs; Operational amplifiers and their applications; Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits); A/D and D/A converters; Basics of microprocessor and microcontroller; Oscillator; Amplifier; Modulation and demodulation; Switching time; High frequency devices including generators and detectors.

VII. Experimental Techniques and Data Analysis

Data interpretation and analysis; Precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation of errors, least squares fitting, linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test; Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, vibration, optical and particle detectors), measurement and control; Signal conditioning and recovery, impedance matching, amplification (op-amp based instrumentation and feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding; Fourier transforms; Lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques.

VIII. Atomic and Molecular Physics

Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment; Spectrum of hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; Width of spectral lines; LS and JJ couplings; Zeeman, Paschen-Back and Stark effects; X-ray spectroscopy; Electron spin resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift; Rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman spectra of diatomic molecules; Franck-Condon principle and selection rules; Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients; Lasers, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equations; Modes of resonators and coherence length; U-V and infrared spectrometry.

IX. Condensed Matter Physics

Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding in solids; Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat; Free electron theory and electronic specific heat; Response and relaxation phenomena; Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity; Hall effect and thermoelectric power; Quantum Hall effect; Diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism; Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids; Defects and dislocations; Ordered phases of matter, translational and orientational order, liquid crystals; Conducting polymers; Quasicrystals; Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors, Josephson junctions.

X. Nuclear and Particle Physics

Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity; Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula; Liquid drop model; Fission and fusion; Nature of nuclear forces, form of nucleon-nucleon potential; Charge independence and charge symmetry of nuclear forces; Isospin; Deuteron problem; Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations; Rotational spectra; Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules; Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanisms, compound nuclei and direct reactions; Classification of fundamental forces; Elementary particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons); Spin and parity assignments, isospin, strangeness; Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula; C, P and T invariance and application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions, parity non-conservation in weak interaction; Relativistic kinematics.

General Knowledge paper of the UPESSC Assistant Professor Selection Examination 2026 — 30 questions, compulsory for all disciplines.

Unit 1 — Current Affairs

• Major events and current affairs: national and international

• Personalities in news

• Sports news

• Current research in the field of science

Unit 2 — Teaching and Research Aptitude

• Teaching: nature, objectives, need, methods, evaluation and factors affecting teaching

• Research: meaning and methods

• Data: source, collection and analysis

• Role of UGC in qualitative development in higher education

Unit 3 — Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• ICT: meaning, advantages and disadvantages

• Basics of internet and e-mailing

• General abbreviations and terminology

Unit 4 — People and Environment

• People and environment interaction

• Environmental degradation: causes and solutions

• National and international affairs for a better environment

• Environmental control

Unit 5 — Indian History and Geography

• Salient features of Indian culture

• Indian national movement (1857-1950)

• Origin of the universe and the solar system

• Indian geography (general)

Unit 6 — Indian Constitution and Economy

• Preamble, fundamental rights and directive principles

• Indian political system: legislature, executive and judiciary

• Election Commission and Public Service Commission

• Population, poverty, unemployment; planning and development; income tax

• Agriculture, industry, trade; money, currency, banking and capital market